California History

Redlands, the citrus belt and the people who built California's orange empire.

A field with palm trees and mountains in the background
California History

Smudge pots and frost nights in the California groves

By JP Beall

By 1915 Southern California's citrus groves held at least a million oil-burning heaters. What a smudge pot did on a frost night, why California legislated...

California Didn’t Just Grow Roses—It Made Rose History
California History

California Didn’t Just Grow Roses—It Made Rose History

John P Beall
By John P Beall

California played an outsized role in American rose history. From nineteenth-century Riverside climbing sports to twentieth-century breakthroughs from Armstrong Nurseries and Descanso Gardens, these five...

'Oranges in Tissue Paper' by William Joseph McCloskey, c. 1890 in the collection of the De Young Museum in San Francisco
California History

Who Invented the Fruit Sticker? It Started With Redlands Oranges

John P Beall
By John P Beall

Those little labels on apples, bananas and oranges have an unexpected California history. Redlands citrus grower and inventor William N. Moore patented an early system...